The Armed Struggle Framework Debate gained attention after former Politburo member Sonu alias Mallojula Venu reportedly argued that capitalist relations have expanded across India. He said the current situation no longer supports prolonged armed struggle. Another former leader also admitted that society outside forest regions has changed rapidly in recent years.

The article says the Maoist leadership studied economic changes between 2014 and 2020 but still concluded that semi-feudal conditions continue in India. Critics claim the leadership fears abandoning its traditional ideology and armed path. They argue the party struggles to adapt to modern political realities and changing economic conditions.

The discussion has triggered wider political debate about the future of left-wing extremism in India.

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