The mission, led by the US Space Force, aims to test laser-based communication systems. It will also explore safe navigation methods without using GPS. Many details about the mission are classified, keeping much of its objectives secret.

The duration of the mission remains unclear. Previous X-37B flights have lasted anywhere from a few months to over a year. The shuttle’s last mission, which ended in March 2025, lasted more than a year. These flights are crucial to the United States’ secretive space research program, advancing the nation’s space capabilities.

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The radar antenna is 12 meters wide. It unfolded in orbit and is now ready for use. It can capture detailed images of Earth’s surface, even at night or through clouds. Using two radar frequencies—L-band from NASA and S-band from ISRO—NISAR will monitor earthquakes, melting glaciers, forest changes, and floods.

The project highlights the power of international teamwork. Engineers in both countries spent years designing the antenna to unfold safely in space.

Data from NISAR will be shared with scientists and governments worldwide. It will help track climate change, manage disasters, and protect natural resources.

Full operations will begin in 2026. Experts believe NISAR will change the way we study Earth and provide better tools to care for the planet.

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