India has made remarkable progress in controlling leprosy, achieving a 99 per cent drop in prevalence and 98 per cent reduction in patients under treatment over 44 years.
In 2025, the prevalence rate stood at 0.57 per 10,000 population, with 0.82 lakh patients under treatment. In 1981, the rate was 57.2, with 39.19 lakh patients. New case detection also declined 37 per cent since 2006.
The National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) played a key role by providing early diagnosis and Multidrug Therapy (MDT), including Rifampicin, Clofazimine, and Dapsone. Integration with Ayushman Bharat and child health programs strengthened early detection.
India achieved elimination status nationally in 2005, with 31 states and 638 districts maintaining prevalence below 1 per 10,000. The government aims to interrupt leprosy transmission by 2030 under the National Strategic Plan and WHO guidelines. Continued political will, adequate funding, and community engagement are crucial to sustaining success.
