Which Projects in India Require Environmental, Coastal, or Forest Clearance?
In India, certain projects require environmental, coastal, or forest clearance before they can proceed, as mandated under the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006 issued under the Environment (Protection) Act. Any project that can significantly alter land use, impact air quality, water resources, or ecosystems, or involve substantial deforestation must obtain prior Environmental Clearance (EC).
Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) clearance is required for projects in or near coastal areas, including ports, tourism developments, and industries, to protect marine biodiversity and prevent coastal erosion. Similarly, projects in forest areas, such as mining, infrastructure development, and large-scale agriculture, require forest clearance to ensure minimal ecological damage and compliance with the Forest Conservation Act, 1980.
These clearances involve detailed assessments of potential environmental impacts, public consultations, and monitoring plans to ensure sustainable development. Authorities may reject projects that pose excessive risk or demand modifications to mitigate harm, balancing economic growth with ecological preservation.
